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句子的成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和基本句型

句子的成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和基本句型 | 樓主 | 2017-07-06 20:28:57 共有3個(gè)回復(fù)
  1. 1句子的成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和基本句型
  2. 2(Ss)句子成分,結(jié)構(gòu),基本句型,錯(cuò)誤分析
  3. 3高中句子成分詳細(xì)講解及基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)

助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,四賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象是動(dòng)作的承受者,六狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)間原因目的結(jié)果條件伴隨情況等,主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)。

句子的成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和基本句型2017-07-06 20:27:40 | #1樓回目錄

高考復(fù)習(xí)卷2016-3-8

句子的成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和基本句型

句子是寫作的基本單位,只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語(yǔ)的句子成分有八種:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一.英語(yǔ)的句子成分:

(一)主語(yǔ):

Wallshaveears.()Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.()istobelieve.()

isnotallowedinpublicplaces.()

()

(二)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由_____________擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

Actionlouderthanwords.Thechanceagain.Maryatthedreshopsince1994.(三)表語(yǔ)它的位置在__________之后。Myfatherisaprofessor.()Who'sthat?It'sme.()

Everythinghereisexpensive.())

Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.()(四)賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般放在___________之后。_____詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)。

)Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.()Doyoumindopeningthewindow?()

Weneedtoknowwhatothersaredoing.())

(五)定語(yǔ)是修飾___詞.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_____;短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_____。Theplayhasthreeacts.()

ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.()Theyarewomanworkers.()

Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.()Maryisabeautifulgirl..()Chinaisadevelopingcountry.()Ihavenothingtoeat.()ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.()

(六)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨情況等。

Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.()Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.()

Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.()We'llsendacartofetchyou.()

Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.()Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.()

Ifhegoes,sowillI.()Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.()(七)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞,除了要有賓語(yǔ)之外,還要加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成___________。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.()Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.()

Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.()

Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.()Isawhimgoingupstairs.()(八)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原賓語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ),原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.

二、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

只含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子(有時(shí)有并列主語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)Thetimepassedquickly.2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)Wehaveplantedalotoftreesinourhometown.3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+C)Computersareusefulinpeople’slife.

4.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO)Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.

5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C)MiWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.6.Therebe句型

Therewasanoldmansittingthere.英語(yǔ)的基本句型練習(xí)1.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

1)

2)在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是:

“變化”類:become,get,grow,turn,go等

“感官”類:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等“持續(xù)”類:remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

1

1)2)

3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

_4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

1)

2)

3

4)

可接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有:ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise

5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1)2)3)4))6)7)二、句子的基本分類

1、按使用目的,句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1)陳述句:說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。例如:

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比聲傳播速度快。(說(shuō)明事實(shí))Thefilmisratherboring.這部電影很乏味。(說(shuō)明看法)2)疑問句:提出問題。有以下四種:a.一般疑問句:

Canyoufinishtheworkintime?b.特殊疑問句:

Wheredoyoulive?

c.選擇疑問句:Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

d.反意疑問句:Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?

3)祈使句:提出請(qǐng)求,建議或發(fā)出命令。例如Don'tbenervous!4)感嘆句:表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如:Whatgoodnewsitis!

2、按其結(jié)構(gòu),句子可以分為以下三類:

1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。例如:

①1.Thingschanged.②Treesaregreen.③.Wedon’tlikechildren.

2)并列句:包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句,句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。例如:

Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.

3)復(fù)合句:包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句,從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)綜合訓(xùn)練

一、指出下列劃線部分的基本成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.

4.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.5.Herjobistolookafterthebabies.

6.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.7.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

8.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.9.Whatheneedsisabook.10.Imustleaverightnow.

二、指出下列句子屬于哪種基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

1.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

3.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.4.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.5.Treesturnsgreeninspring.6.Hecamefinallylastnight.7.Hervoicesoundssweet.

8.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.9.Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.10.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.

2

3

(Ss)句子成分,結(jié)構(gòu),基本句型,錯(cuò)誤分析2017-07-06 20:26:20 | #2樓回目錄

句子成分,句子結(jié)構(gòu),基本句型,錯(cuò)誤分析

*句子成分

學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)寫作,首先要掌握英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),而要掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),必須從句子成分入手。句子成分指的是句子的各個(gè)組成成分。在英語(yǔ)中,一個(gè)典型的句子,其基本成分可以分為主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分。主語(yǔ)部分可以包括句子的主語(yǔ)及其限定成分,如定語(yǔ);謂語(yǔ)部分中最基本也是最重要的成分是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其他次要成分有表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

*句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類

英語(yǔ)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句,現(xiàn)分述如下:§1.簡(jiǎn)單句

只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentence)。例如:

Successfullearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.

§2.并列句

兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用等立連詞(或用分號(hào)“;”、冒號(hào)“:”、逗號(hào)“,”等)連在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句(compoundsentence)。常用的等立連詞有:

and(和),so(因此,所以),notonly...butalso(不僅...而且),neither...nor(既不...也不),or(或者,否則),otherwise(否則),either...or(不是...就是),but(但是),

yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而),whereas(而,反過來(lái)),for(因?yàn)椋捎冢┑。例如?/p>

Hurryuporyoumaybelateforthemeeting.

Thelightwasred,soIhadtostopmycar.

§3.復(fù)合句

有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句所構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)叫復(fù)合句(complexsentence),也叫主從復(fù)合句。從句有關(guān)聯(lián)詞(connective)引導(dǎo),關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句與主句聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)其在復(fù)合句中的作用,從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:

Wemoveourheadsfromsidetosidewhenwewanttosay"no".我們想說(shuō)“不”的時(shí)候就左右搖頭。(關(guān)聯(lián)詞when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)

Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.

測(cè)試的目的是了解你對(duì)某門課程學(xué)習(xí)的情況。(關(guān)聯(lián)詞what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)

Mostadultswhoarelearningaforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththestatement.

多數(shù)正在學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的成年人不會(huì)同意這種說(shuō)法。(關(guān)聯(lián)詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)

Thereasonfortheirsucceisthattheycanlearnfromtheirmistakes.他們成功的原因在于他們從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)到東西。(關(guān)聯(lián)詞that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)

Whowillchairthemeetingisofinteresttomanyofthem.

誰(shuí)來(lái)主持這個(gè)會(huì)議,他們?cè)S多人對(duì)此很感興趣。(關(guān)聯(lián)詞who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)

*基本句型

句子的主要成分是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)的有名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞作用的其他詞、詞組或從句。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成比較復(fù)雜,有時(shí)可以由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需帶賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),還有的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)或帶賓語(yǔ)后再加補(bǔ)足

語(yǔ)等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類別的不同決定著謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同,而不同的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)又決定著不同的句型。所謂基本句型(basicsentencepattern)就是幾種基本的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的格局;千變?nèi)f化的句型都是由它們演變而來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)的基本句型有五種,即:1主—系—表2主—?jiǎng)?主—?jiǎng)印e4主—?jiǎng)印e—賓5主—?jiǎng)印e—賓補(bǔ)*常見錯(cuò)誤

我們?cè)谠煊⒄Z(yǔ)句子時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤,常見的主要有以下幾種:§1.非完整句錯(cuò)誤

前面說(shuō)過,一個(gè)意思和結(jié)構(gòu)都完整的句子至少有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)兩個(gè)部分,當(dāng)然祈使句除外。若有句子中的某一部分被當(dāng)作一個(gè)句子,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致非完整句的錯(cuò)誤。非完整句錯(cuò)誤通常有以下幾種情況:

1.將從句當(dāng)成句子

例1原句:Hefailedtopatheexamination.Whichdisappointedhisparents.修改句:Hefailedtopatheexamination.Thatdisappointedhisparents.

例2原句:Ithinkthisfilmispoor.Eventhoughsomanypeopleenjoyingseeingit.修改句:Ithinkthisfilmispoor,eventhoughsomanypeopleenjoyingseeingit.

通常糾正非完整句可以有兩種方法:

1.將非完整句與前面或后面的句子合并起來(lái),連成一個(gè)句子;

2.給非完整句加上主語(yǔ),使之成為一個(gè)完整的句子。

§2.斷句錯(cuò)誤

我們?cè)谇懊嫣岬,并列句之間要要用并列詞連接,或用分號(hào)斷開,主句和從句之間要用從屬連詞連接。但是有的學(xué)生在寫句子時(shí),不管句子各部分之間的關(guān)系如何,一概用逗號(hào)連接。這種錯(cuò)誤被稱為斷句錯(cuò)誤。斷句錯(cuò)誤時(shí)中國(guó)學(xué)生常犯的錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)樵跐h語(yǔ)中,兩個(gè)完整的句子可以直通過逗號(hào)連接,所以中國(guó)學(xué)生有時(shí)會(huì)忘記,在英語(yǔ)中,如果句子中沒有分號(hào),冒號(hào)或者破折號(hào),那么除了逗號(hào)外,還必須有連詞。

例1原句:Thefoodwasfineexceptthecake,Ididn’tlikeit.

修改句:Thefoodwasfineexceptthecake,whichIdidn’tlike.

例2原句:Somepeoplelikeanoceanvoyageinwinter,theywanttoescapethefrost

andsnowathome.

修改句:Somepeoplelikeanoceanvoyageinwinter,becausetheywantto

escapethefrostandsnowathome.

例3原句:Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.

修改句:Itwasraininghard;theycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Itwasraininghard.Theycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Itwasrainingsohardthattheycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Itwasraininghard.Sotheycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Asitwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.

例4原句:Foreignfoodshavenewfeatureanddesigns.Thesamedomestically

producedgoodshavenotgot.

修改句:Foreignfoodshavenewfeatureanddesignswhichthesame

domesticallyproducedgoodshavenotgot.

從上面的例句可以看出,糾正這類錯(cuò)誤的方法必須根據(jù)有關(guān)分句或者主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系而定。

§3.非連接成分錯(cuò)誤

一般情況下,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致,否則,該狀語(yǔ)即為連接成分。

例原句:

1.Lookingoutofthewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach.

2.Rotteninthecellar,hehadtothrowawaythepotatoes.

3.Toswimproperly,acourseofinstructionsisnecessary.

4.Returninghomeinataxi,themusicoftheoperastillseemedtosinginourears.

5.Ihadasummerjobthatyear,therefore,enablingmetostayinschoolforanotherterm.

糾正這類錯(cuò)誤,可以有三種方法:

1.對(duì)這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)做出必要的改動(dòng),使?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致;

2.給狀語(yǔ)加上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬛髡Z(yǔ),使之成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu);

3.將狀語(yǔ)改成一個(gè)從句。

修改句:

1.Lookingoutofthewindow,onecanseethegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeye

canreach.

2.Thepotatoesinthecellarhadrotten,sohehadtothrowthemaway.

Asthepotatoesinthecellarhadrotten,hehadtothrowthemaway.

Hehadtothrowawaythepotatoeswhichhadrotteninthecellar.

Hehadtothrowawaythepotatoesinthecellar,fortheyhadrotten.

3.Toswimproperly,oneneedsacourseofinstructions.

Ifonewantstoswimproperly,acourseofinstructionsisnecessary.

4.Whilewewerereturninghomeinataxi,themusicoftheoperastillseemedto

singinourears.

5.Ihadasummerjobthatyear,which,therefore,enablesmetostayinschoolfor

anotherterm.

§4.有關(guān)主謂一致的錯(cuò)誤

在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中,當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。為此,學(xué)生在造句時(shí)應(yīng)注意一下幾種情況:

1.主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間出現(xiàn)修飾詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)保持一致。

例1Oneofthemanyismissing.

例2Myuncleisoneofthosewhodoesnotbelievethataknowledgeofpoliticsis

usefulinabusineoffice.

例3Thebookcasefullofbooksandmagazinesstandsinacorneroftheroom.

2.主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間插入了由with,aswellas,except,inadditionto,not等引導(dǎo)的名次詞組,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。

例1Janeaswellastheresthasagreedtocome.

例2Theaudienceinadditiontoallthecameramenwassoexcited.

例3Theemployees,notthemanager,wereaskedtoexplainthecauseofthefire.

例4TheChinesegirltogetherwithhertwoAmericanfriendsiseatingata

restaurant.

http://www.zhupk.com …and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)形式的主語(yǔ),句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)。例1Everymanandwomanistreatedinthesameway.

例2Everywordandphraseinthissentenceisessential.

4.由and連接的詞組做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)。

例tofightandtowinweretheiraims.

5.由兩個(gè)名詞可做一個(gè)整體對(duì)待,由and連接以后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍為單數(shù)。例1Thelawandorderwassoonrestored.

例3Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.

例4Theconfidenceandtrustisveryimportantforme.

例5Thechairmanandgeneralsecretarywasselected.

6.當(dāng)either…or,neigh…nor,notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和最接近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)取得一致,即所謂的“就近原則”。

例1EitheryouorIamwrong.

例2Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhasdoubts.

例3Neitheryounorsheistheluckydog.

7.表示時(shí)間,金錢,距離,重量等單位的名詞詞組做主語(yǔ),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)一定的量,或者總和,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果側(cè)重具體的數(shù)量,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。試比較:Tenminutesisalongtimeforustowait.

Tenminuteshavepassedsincewecame.

8.aseriesof…,akindof…,aportionof…等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);anumberof…,avarietyof…等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例1Aseriesofvideotapeshasbeenprepared.

例2avarietyofgoodsareforsale.

9.由each,every,eachone,everybody,anybody,nobody,either,neither等引導(dǎo)的名詞詞組做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例1Noneofherfriendshascalledherup.

例2Nobodyknowsthetruth.

10.集體名詞做主語(yǔ),如果表示整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果表示成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例1Myfamilyareallvegetarians.

例2Myfamilyneverintendstohaveanythingtodowithbusiness.

11.把完整的意思隔開的錯(cuò)誤

我們?cè)趯懢渥訒r(shí),有事會(huì)把一個(gè)完整的意思隔開而破壞了句子的一致性。例1原句:Inextensivereading,ourmainpurposeisnottolearnnewstructureand

vocabulary.Buttounderstandasquicklyandcompletelyaspossibletheideasbeingcommunicated.

修改句:Inextensivereading,ourmainpurposeisnottolearnnewstructureand

vocabulary,buttounderstandasquicklyandcompletelyaspossible

theideasbeingcommunicated.

例2原句:Wenaturallyassumedthatpeoplehadarrivedthere.Theyleftseveral

hoursago.

修改句:Wenaturallyassumedthatpeoplehadarrivedtherefortheyleftseveral

hoursago.

12.過多堆積細(xì)節(jié)

很多人在造句時(shí),喜歡把一些沒有邏輯關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)和毫不相關(guān)的東西堆積在

一起,看似內(nèi)容豐富,實(shí)際上破壞了句子的一致性。

例1原句:Ashewasrecallingthatnight,hereducedthealtitudeoftheplane,and

thesteadysoundofthemotorseemedlikemusicinhisears,becausehe

knewthattherewasnotamoredependableplanethanthis.

修改句:Ashewasrecallingthatnight,hereducedthealtitudeoftheplane,the

steadysoundofthemotorseemedlikemusicinhisears,andheknew

thattherewasnotamoredependableplanethanthis.

二、寫作常見錯(cuò)誤分析

一、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤

(一)句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤

1.主從句疊置

1)Therearemoreandmorestudentsliketousethecomputer.

2)Therearestillmanyproblemsshouldbenotedandresolved.

2.簡(jiǎn)單句疊置

Ilikechattingonlineverymuch,Igotothenetbaralmosteveryweekend.

3.從句疊置

Asisknowntoallthatcomputersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife.

4.句子成分缺失

Ifworkhard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.

5.語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤

1)Whycollegestudentsspendmoreandmoretimeonthecomputer?

2)Ioftenwonderwherehavetheygottheirmoney.

(二)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤

1.時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤

ManypeoplethoughtthattheInternetwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.

2.語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤

1)Ihaveexcitedseveraldaysatthenewsthatyouwillcomehere.

2)Mostofthestudentssatisfywiththeserviceinthedininghall.

3.單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤(seeabove)

1)Wisemanseekopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.

2)Someoneareafraidthatcomputermaycontrolmeninthefuture.

4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤

1)Letmetorepresenteveryonetosay“hello”toyou.

2)Doexerciseinthemorningisgoodforone’shealth.

3)Havingstudiedinourschoolfor3years,thecanteenservicehaschangedalot.

(三)代詞錯(cuò)誤

1)Wecanusecomputersindoingeverythingyoulike.

2)Acollegestudentshouldbeabletodotheirwashingontheirown.

(四)冠詞錯(cuò)誤

1)Horseisanusefulanimal.

2)TheexamwillbeheldintheDecember,2004.

(五)詞性錯(cuò)誤

1)Iwishyoucanconsidermysuggests.

2)Ifapersonwantstosuccess,hemustlearntoenduresufferingsandsetbacks.

二、用詞錯(cuò)誤

1)Studentsmustknowhowtoapplyacomputer.

2)PeoplecantouchmanynewthingsontheInternet.

3)Thepurposeofthisletteristoreactsomeopinionsontheserviceinthedininghall.

三、表達(dá)習(xí)慣錯(cuò)誤

1)Whygeneratedsolargeachange?

2)Now6000yuancanbuyaP4computer.

3)Aroomoftenlives6-8students.

4)Ithinkthisgreatchangehasthreereasons.

5)Thepricesofthefoodaretooexpensive.

6)Thereasonforthisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.

四、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)及大小寫錯(cuò)誤

1)However,everycoinhastwosides,Ithinkthesurroundingsinourcanteenarethebestamongalluniversities.

2)Themanwasracingdownthestreet.Becausehewaslatefortheclass.

3)AtlastIwanttoletyouknow,Iloveouruniversityverymuch.

4)Myfavoritesportsareswimming、jogging、mountaineeringandplayingtabletennis.

5)ThebestEnglishfilminmyeyesis《ForrestGump》.

高中句子成分詳細(xì)講解及基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)2017-07-06 20:28:23 | #3樓回目錄

英語(yǔ)句子成分詳解

一、英語(yǔ)句子的成分

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子的成分。

句子成分主要包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。

1)主語(yǔ)subject

主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主體,是全句敘述的對(duì)象,是句子要說(shuō)明的人或事物,即表示句子所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”,常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等擔(dān)任,一般位于句首。

ThegirlcansingmanyEnglishsongs.

Wearestudents./Thisismypen.Yoursisonthedesk.

Theblindneedmorehelp.

Tospeakloudlyinpublicisnotpolite.

Smokingisbadforyourhealth.

2)謂語(yǔ)predicate

謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述,表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任,一般位于主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,且要和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

Iloveyou.Youhateme.Youhurtmyheart.

IhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Hehasonetoo.

Wecanplaythepiano.

Sheistalkingwithhersister./Ihaveseenthismanbefore.

3)賓語(yǔ)object

賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象,是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等擔(dān)任,一般位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。

Heisdoinghishomework./Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.

Theydidnothingthismorning./Imethimonmywayhome.

Shewantstogohome.

Weenjoyplayingfootball.

【注意】:某些及物動(dòng)詞之后要求有雙賓語(yǔ),即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)指物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人。這一類動(dòng)詞有:bring,give,pass,tell,hand,show,send,leave,teach,find,buy等。Hegavemeabook.

Pametheball,willyou?

MybestfriendsentmeaChristmascard.

4)表語(yǔ)predicative

表語(yǔ)是用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、身份或特征,常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等擔(dān)任,一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后。

Iamateacher.MyworkisteachingEnglish.Huaibeiisbeautiful.

Iamallright.Helookstired.Ifeelgoodtoday.Thismooncaketastesdelicious.Sheisnotagoodsinger.

Myquestionishowyouknewhim.

5)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)objectcomplement

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用于對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,這樣才能表達(dá)出完整的意思,賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),常由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)等擔(dān)任,一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后。

Shemakeshermotherangry.

Wefindthestoryveryinteresting.

IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell./Thesunkeepsuswarm.

Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.

6)定語(yǔ)attribute

定語(yǔ)是用于對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾或限定,常由形容詞、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句擔(dān)任。一般單個(gè)形容詞常位于被修飾詞之前,相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句常位于被修飾詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)。

Huaibeiisabeautifulcity./Abrightfutureshinesbeforeoureyes.

Sheisachemistryteacher./Thissongisbetterthanthatone.

Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?

Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.

7)狀語(yǔ)adverbial

狀語(yǔ)是用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分。常用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨、程度等。

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothepartybecauseoftherain.

Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

HehasgreatlyimprovedhisspokenEnglishbypracticingdayafterday.

Imustworkharderinordertocatchupwithothers.

句子成分練習(xí)題

(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞

①Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Thisusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Playingfootballinthestreetisdangerous.

⑤Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessary.

(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞

①Factsspeaklouderthanwords.

A.FactsB.speakC.louderD.words

②Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

A.HeB.practicesC.runningD.morning

③Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer

④Weshouldrespectourteachers.

A.WeB.shouldC.respectD.teachers

⑤Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework

(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)

①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

(四)劃出下列句中的表語(yǔ)

①Armstrongisanastronaut.

②Hishobbyisplayingbasketball.

③Theirplanistofinishtheexperimentinaweek.④Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.⑤Thatlittlegirllookssobeautiful.

(五)劃出下列句中的定語(yǔ)

①Thebeautifulpicturewasdrawnbyafamousartist.②ThewomendoctorsarefromBeijing.③TheboyunderthetreeisJack..④Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

⑤Iknowtheboywhobrokethewindowyesterday..

(六)劃出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

①Hiswordsmademeangry.②Weelectedhimourmonitor.③Theyallfindhimhumorous.④TheycallmeJerrysometimes.⑤Isawanoldmancrossingtheroad.

(七)劃出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)

①Hesolvedthisprobleminastrangeway.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③Imustworkhardertoearnmyliving.④Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

⑤Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

(八)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)

①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtmeanewbikelastweek.

③Mr.Smithisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Lendmeyourdictionary,please.

⑤Hesentabirthdaygifttomeyesterday.

簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)

英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型,掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基矗

英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:SV(主+謂)基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

基本句型三:SVO(主+謂+賓)

基本句型四:SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)基本句型五:SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))

基本句型一:主謂S│V此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞。

1.Allthings│change.2.Themoon│rose.

3.Theuniverse│remains.4.Who│cares?

5.He│worksinabigcompany.6.They│talkedforhalfanhour.

基本句型二:主系表S│V│P

1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Theweather│is│verycold.

3.Theproblem│is│thatIamshortofmoney.4.Thedinner│smells│good.5.Everything│looks│different.

這是本英漢辭典。天氣很冷。

問題是他們?nèi)卞X。晚餐聞起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。

一切看起來(lái)都不同了。一切事物都在不斷變化。月亮升起了。

宇宙長(zhǎng)存。管它呢?

他在一家大公司上班。他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。

基本句型三:主謂賓S│V│O

此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義,都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。1.Who│knows│theanswer?誰(shuí)知道答案?2.He│enjoys│reading.

3.I│want│tohaveacupofcoffee.4.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.

基本句型四:主謂間賓直賓S│V│o│O1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2.He│brought│you│adictionary.他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。3.I│showed│him│mypictures.4.I│gave│mycar│awash.5.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.

我給他看我的照片。我洗了我的汽車。我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。他喜歡看書。我想喝杯咖啡。他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。

基本句型五:主謂賓賓補(bǔ)S│V│O│C此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整。1.They│appointed│him│manager.他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2.They│painted│thedoor│green.他們把門漆成綠色。3.This│set│them│thinking.

4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.5.What│makes│him│soangry?

分析下列句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)

這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無(wú)人居祝什么使他這樣生氣?

1.Theapplestastedsweet.2.Isawthemgettingonthebus.3.Hehandedmethenewspaper.4.Hegetsupatsixeverymorning.5.Helosthiswalletonhiswayhome.6.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.7.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.8.Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.9.Helookedunhappyatthattime.

10.Myfavouritesportsareswimmingandskating.11.AllmysadnedisappearwhenI’mwriting.

12.Hecamebackwhilewewerehavingdinnerlastnight.13.Wealsoplantedalotoftreesaroundourschool.14.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.15.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhimthegoodnews.16.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.17.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.

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